For 1 square of baking chocolates, you can substitute 3 tablespoons of cocoa powder and a teaspoon of butter.
1 cup regular white granulated sugar can be substituted for 1 cup brown sugar if recipe calls for brown sugar.
For confectioners or powdered sugar, I would use ¾ cup of granulated sugar for every cup of icing sugar.
1 cup plain yogurt, you can substitute 1 cup sour cream.
For each recipe, the butter and margarine are completely substitutable, in the sense that if the recipe calls for 1 cup of one, 1 cup of the other can be used as a substitute, and so on for all measurements.
1 cup of oil, however, ½ cup of butter or ½ cup of margarine should be used as a substitute.
Allspice can be substituted by mixing cinnamon, ginger, and nutmeg. For every teaspoon of allspice you should use a mixture of ½ teaspoon cinnamon, ¼ teaspoon nutmeg, and ¼ teaspoon ginger.
1 cup of corn syrup, 1 cup of honey can be used as a substitute, as well as 1 ¼ cup of sugar dissolved in 1/3 cup of water.
1 cup of cake flour that a recipe calls for, 14 tablespoons, or 1 cup (16 tablespoons) minus 2 tablespoons of all-purpose flour can be used as a substitute.
1 cup heavy cream 1 cup evaporated milk can be substituted, as well as ¾ cup milk and 1/3 cup butter.
1 cup of coconut cream can be substituted for 1 cup of any regular cream.
1 teaspoon lemon zest, you can use 2 tablespoons lemon juice or ½ teaspoon lemon extract.
1 cup self-rising flour, a mixture of 7/8 cup all-purpose flour, 1 ½ teaspoons baking powder, and 1/2 teaspoon salt may be used as a substitute.
1 cup coconut milk, 1 cup of any milk of your choice can be used as a substitute.
1 cup of honey that a recipe calls for, 1 ¼ cup of granulated sugar dissolved in 1/3 cup of water can be used as a substitute.
You can use 1 cup dry or panko breadcrumbs, 1 cup unsalted or lightly salted cracker crumbs. I usually have about 12 crumbled Ritz crackers.
For 1 tablespoon of cornstarch, 2 tablespoons of all-purpose flour can be used as a substitute.
1 cup of buttermilk can be substituted with 1 cup of room temperature milk and 1 tablespoon of vinegar.
For every 1 cup of beer, 1 cup of chicken broth can be used as a substitute.
Mayonnaise can be completely replaced with yogurt or sour cream.
1 teaspoon of vinegar can be substituted with 1 teaspoon of lemon or lime juice, as well as 2 teaspoons of white wine
1 clove of garlic requires a recipe, I learned, can be substituted with 1/8 teaspoon of garlic powder.